Armenian literature began to develop with the creation of the Armenian alphabet in 405-406 AD and the subsequent translation of the Bible into Armenian.

Amongst the first texts to be translated and studied were those of the great Greek philosophers, politicians and theologians. The study of these ancient thinkers allowed for the deprovincialization of the Armenian culture. It also helps to explain why the first texts written by Armenians are neither naive nor primitive. One such early piece was the epic poem "David of Sassoun," celebrating the efforts of the Armenian bravemen who fought against Arab domination and for the freedom of the Armenian people.

The oldest form of poetry, the hymn of religious inspiration, has played a major role in Armenian literature for centuries. This lyrical poetry, a combination of poetry and chant designed for use in religious services, has been written by the Armenians since the 5th century.

Religious lyricism reached its pinnacle in the 10th century with the works of Krikor of Nareg. His masterpiece, the Nareg, is one of the most widely read works in different languages.